Standard Input and Output Redirection The shell and many UNIX commands take their input from standard input ( stdin ), write output to standard output ( stdout ), and write error output to standard error ( stderr ). By default, standard input is connected to the terminal keyboard and standard output and error to the terminal screen. The way of indicating an end-of-file on the default standard input, a terminal, is usually . Redirection of I/O, for example to a file, is accomplished by specifying the destination on the command line using a redirection metacharacter followed by the desired destination. C Shell Family Some of the forms of redirection for the C shell family are: Character Action > Redirect standard output >& Redirect standard output and standard error Redirect standard input >! Redirect standard output; overwrite file if it exists >&! Redirect standard output and standard error; overwrite file...
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